资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
像拼乐高一样建体育场?——可“重复利用”的974体育场****** 世界杯比赛正在进行 看比赛之余 不知大家是否注意到 有这样一个 全部由集装箱组合而成的球场 图源:网络 974体育场全貌 它就是“974体育场” 是卡塔尔为举办世界杯 所建造的第 7 座球场 那么,974体育场有什么特别之处? 为什么要用集装箱搭建呢? 974是什么意思? 为什么叫“974”呢?这是因为球场七成由集装箱构成,集装箱数量是974个,且这一数字和卡塔尔的国际区号(+974)相同,可容纳4万球迷。 图源:新华社 这座体育馆不仅名字特别,它也是全世界第一个“可回收”的临时场馆,是一座贯彻了全模块化建造的大型体育场馆。 为什么要用集装箱搭建? 2020年1月,卡塔尔承诺让2022年的赛事成为首届“碳中和”世界杯。当年 9 月,组委会制定了应对挑战的详细路线图。委员会在一份声明中表示:“我们的目标是在卡塔尔和赛事区域推进低碳解决方案,并抵消所有温室气体排放。实现碳中和世界杯分为四个步骤:提高意识、测量排放、减少排放和抵消排放。” 974体育场便是环保节能、可持续的最佳代表。 图源:网络 974体育场外部结构 球场设计遵循着“可逆性”以及“可持续性”的总原则,结构主要依靠螺丝和干式连接,并使用回收钢材。建筑团队说,所有的建筑模块都是“即插即用”的,每一个模块都经过了严格的标准化处理,以便赛前组装和日后拆卸时可以迅速按模块进行编码和识别;同时,运输、储存和装配等工作也更加容易。一旦世界杯结束,974球场可以被完全拆开,将场馆移至其他地方,或改造使其适应其他活动。 可“重复利用”的体育场是怎么搭建的? 974体育场紧邻多哈港,原本是服务于港口的临海工业基地。建筑面积12万平方米,项目总占地45万平方米。施工过程始于 2017 年,土地的发掘在 2019 年 7 月完成。 图源:网络 974体育场俯瞰 什么是模块化施工呢?974体育场所用到的集装箱有相当一部分就是运输其他建筑材料到施工现场所使用的集装箱,这些集装箱会承担具体的使用功能,如用作休息室或卫生间等,也会根据需求进行改装。 这让大量的施工工作可以在工厂环境而非工地环境中流水线完成,全部完成后再将集装箱直接插入现场结构框架中,减少所需时间、能耗和成本。974体育场仅用3年就建成开放,同时模块化施工节省了约40%的施工用水。 模块化施工的另一优势是拆改更为便捷快速,产生的建筑垃圾明显减少。由于采用了全模块化设计,建造所使用的预制集装箱、钢结构、座椅 甚至草皮都可以回收利用。 974体育场成为了世界杯历史上的一次环保尝试:用单一球场的建设成本和后续每一次重复搭建的边际成本,取代了每一处都要新建一座不可移动且赛后未必会继续使用的体育场的成本。 球场内部采用自然通风,974体育馆是卡塔尔八座世界杯场馆中唯一没有制冷设施的场馆,临海的位置提供了自然的新鲜微风,利用搭建时预留的空间来保证场地内外空气的循环,减轻了冷却系统的负载。集装箱的颜色也不是随机的:食物的销售场所采用蓝色;浴室采用黄色;安全和急救区采用绿色;VIP 休息室采用黑色。 资料来源:澎湃新闻、京报网、光明网、知乎 整理:董小娴 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |